Poliomyelitis, often termed “polio,” is an acute infectious disease caused by an enterovirus which damages the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and brainstem.

What is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the anterior horn cells of the gray matter in the spinal cord and causes a selective destruction of the motor nerves?

Spinal polio, the most common form of paralytic poliomyelitis, results from viral invasion of the motor neurons of the anterior horn cells, or the ventral (front) grey matter section in the spinal column, which are responsible for movement of the muscles, including those of the trunk, limbs, and the intercostal muscles …

Which condition involves progressive destruction of motor neurons resulting in muscle atrophy?

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of hereditary diseases that progressively destroys motor neurons—nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord that control essential skeletal muscle activity such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy.

What is an abnormal condition in which there are sudden transient disturbances of brain function causing seizures?

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain can cause seizures. When a person has repeated seizures, this condition is called epilepsy. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders often requires consultation with a neurologist.

Which condition involves a slight paralysis in either half of the body?

Hemiparesis, or unilateral paresis, is weakness of one entire side of the body (hemi- means “half”). Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body. Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medical conditions, including congenital causes, trauma, tumors, or stroke.

Does polio affect anterior horn cells?

Acute poliomyelitis is a disease of the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem caused by poliovirus. Flaccid asymmetric weakness and muscle atrophy are the hallmarks of its clinical manifestations, due to loss of motor neurons and denervation of their associated skeletal muscles.

What is the anterior horn?

The anterior horn of the spinal cord (also known as the anterior cornu) contains the cell bodies of motor neurons that affect the skeletal muscles.

Which Ramus of a spinal nerve innervates the anterior and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk?

The ventral ramus (pl. rami) (Latin for branch) is the anterior division of a spinal nerve. The ventral rami supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs. They are mainly larger than the dorsal rami.

When assisting someone having a seizure restrain their arms?

You must absolutely not: Hold the person down or attempt to restrain them in any way; this is very dangerous for everyone involved, as a person experiencing a seizure cannot control their movements.

What is a convulsive disorder?

A PATIENT is said to have a convulsive disorder, or epilepsy, when he is subject to transient, periodic attacks of change in the state of consciousness \vhich mayor may not be accompanied by motor and sensory phenomena.

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What is Kennedy syndrome?

Kennedy’s disease is a rare inherited neuromuscular disorder that causes progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles, particularly the arms and legs. Other major symptoms include severe cramps and problems with speech and swallowing. The disease progresses slowly, and life expectancy is usually normal.

What are upper motor neuron diseases?

Upper motor neuron diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which a degeneration of motor neurons of the cortex and tronchoencephalic motor nucleus occurs. Clinically, these disorders are characterized by weakness, motor clumsiness, spasticity, and hyperreflexia.

What type of disease is spinal muscular atrophy?

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic (inherited) neuromuscular disease that causes muscles to become weak and waste away. People with SMA lose a specific type of nerve cell in the spinal cord (called motor neurons) that control muscle movement.

What disease causes paralysis of the legs?

Guillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs and spreading to your upper body and arms. In about 10% of people with the disorder, symptoms begin in the arms or face. As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, muscle weakness can evolve into paralysis.

Is paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body?

Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia.

Is a slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body?

Hemiparesis is a slight weakness — such as mild loss of strength — in a leg, arm, or face. It can also be paralysis on one side of the body. Hemiplegia is a severe or complete loss of strength or paralysis on one side of the body.

What disease affects anterior horn cells?

Anterior horn cell syndromes occur, sometimes with associated upper motor neuron involvement. The most important disorder seen in adults associated with this pattern is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which there is a progression of both lower (anterior horn cell) and upper (corticospinal tract) motor neuron signs.

What is a anterior gray horn?

The anterior grey column (also called the anterior cornu, anterior horn of spinal cord, motor horn or ventral horn) is the front column of grey matter in the spinal cord. It is one of the three grey columns. … The anterior grey column is the column where the cell bodies of alpha motor neurons are located.

What does the anterior GREY Horn do?

Gray Horns The anterior horn sends out motor signals to the skeletal muscles. The lateral horn, which is only found in the thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral regions, is the central component of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

What is linked to the posterior GREY horn of the spinal cord?

Anatomical terminology. The posterior grey column (posterior cornu, dorsal horn, spinal dorsal horn, posterior horn, sensory horn) of the spinal cord is one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including fine touch, proprioception, and vibration.

What is linked to the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord?

one of the divisions of the grey matter of the spinal cord, the posterior horn contains interneurons that make connections within the spinal cord as well as neurons that enter ascending sensory pathways. It contains the substantia gelatinosa.

What would happen if a virus damaged or destroyed anterior gray horn cells?

In the CNS poliovirus causes the destruction of the cell bodies in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. [3] This results in ipsilateral LMN deficits such as muscle weakness/atrophy, fasciculations, hyporeflexia, and flaccid paralysis.

What to do if someone has a seizure in front of you?

1. Keep other people out of the way.
2. Clear hard or sharp objects away from the person.
3. Don’t try to hold them down or stop the movements.
4. Place them on their side, to help keep their airway clear.
5. Look at your watch at the start of the seizure, to time its length.
6. Don’t put anything in their mouth.

What is a seizure called if it begins as a focal seizure then spreads to the whole brain?

A seizure that starts in one area of the brain, then spreads to both sides of the brain as a tonic-clonic seizure is called a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. This term replaces secondarily generalized seizure. They usually last 1 to 3 minutes, but it may take a longer for a person to recover.

How long can a seizure last before brain damage?

A seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minutes period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes is called status epilepticus. This is a medical emergency that may lead to permanent brain damage or death.

What does the anterior Ramus do?

Generally speaking, the anterior/ventral ramus innervates the skin and muscle on the anterior aspect of the trunk, while the posterior/dorsal ramus innervates the post-vertebral muscles and the skin of the back.

Where is the anterior ventral root of a spinal nerve?

In anatomy and neurology, the ventral root, motor root or anterior root is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. At its distal end, the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve.

What is meant by the anterior and posterior roots of a spinal nerve which of these is sensory and which is motor?

What is meant by the anterior and posterior roots of a spinal nerve? which of these is sensory and which is motor? The posterior roots passes posteriorly toward the back of the spinal cord and the anterior root passes anteriorly toward the toward the front of the spinal cord.

What is the difference between a seizure and a convulsion?

A convulsion is a general term that people use to describe uncontrollable muscle contractions. Some people may use it interchangeably with the word “seizure,” although a seizure refers to an electrical disturbance in the brain. Seizures may cause a person to have convulsions, but this is not always the case.

What is convulsion and causes?

A convulsion is a general term used to describe uncontrollable muscle contractions. Among some of the common causes of convulsions are epileptic seizures, febrile seizures, non-epileptic seizures, and medication-induced convulsions.

What causes a fit in adults?

In adults, the most common cause of a seizure, also known as a convulsion or fit, is epilepsy. However, it can be caused by other things, including a head injury, alcohol poisoning, lack of oxygen, after taking certain drugs, or if someone with diabetes has a ‘hypo’ where their blood glucose is too low.