Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that predisposes to a variety of comorbidities including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (3). Furthermore, obesity has been suggested to be a risk factor for periodontitis (1-3).

Is obesity a risk factor for periodontitis?

Results: Of 25 eligible studies from 12 countries, 17 showed an association between obesity and periodontitis (odds ratios ranged from 1.1 to 4.5).

What is the most significant risk factor for periodontal disease?

Diabetes and smoking are the biggest risk factors for gum disease development, increased severity, and the speed at which it occurs. The number one systemic condition that increases susceptibility to periodontal disease is diabetes.

What is the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease?

Recent studies indicate the rate of developing periodontitis increases 1.8 times more in obese individuals, and those with a BMI > 30 were three times more likely to develop periodontitis.

Which are the Nonmodifiable risk factors for periodontal disease?

Individual Nonmodifiable Periodontal Risk Factors Nonmodifiable risk factors—such as age, genetics, gender, and ethnicity—should also be considered. While these cannot be modified, recognizing them can help oral health professionals determine the most appropriate interventions.

Is obesity a disease?

Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic concern. It’s a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.

How does obesity affect oral health?

A poor diet leads to poor oral health A diet high in fat and calories, including large quantities of processed foods or sugar, and a lack of physical activity, leads to obesity. Those same foods can cause oral health problems including gum disease, premature tooth loss and bad breath.

What factors cause periodontal disease?

These independent but modifiable, risk factors for periodontal disease include lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. They also include diseases and unhealthy conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and low dietary calcium and vitamin D.

How is periodontal and diabetes related?

Diabetes causes blood vessel changes. The thickened blood vessels can reduce the flow of nutrients and removal of wastes from body tissues. This reduced blood flow can weaken the gums and bone. This puts them at greater risk for infection.

What are the risks of periodontal disease?

Gum disease may increase your risk of all kinds of other health complications, including stroke, diabetes and heart disease. Gum disease has even been linked with problems in pregnancy and dementia.

Article first time published on

Why are periodontal pockets a contributing factor to periodontal disease?

These pockets between the teeth and gums collect debris (plaque, tartar and calculus) and can become infected. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. When this happens, teeth become mobile, and tooth loss may occur.

Can being overweight cause dry mouth?

Obese people may have a diet that promotes the condition of dry mouth. Prof. Rosenberg also suggests that people who are obese may be less in tune with taking care of their mouths and bodies.

Why should obesity be considered a disease?

Obesity is related to genetic, psychological, physical, metabolic, neurological, and hormonal impairments. It is intimately linked to heart disease, sleep apnea, and certain cancers. Obesity is one of the few diseases that can negatively influence social and interpersonal relationships.

Which of the following is a risk of obesity?

Obesity increases the risk of several debilitating, and deadly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers.

Why is obesity considered a chronic disease?

The World Health Organization (W.H.O.), along with National and International medical and scientific societies, now recognize obesity as a chronic progressive disease resulting from multiple environmental and genetic factors.

Why is diabetes a risk factor for periodontitis?

Diabetes increases inflammation in periodontal tissues, with higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Periodontal disease has been associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α in people with diabetes.

How does periodontal disease affect glycemic control?

In addition, it has been showed that periodontal disease has a devastating effect on glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients and a significant reduction of Glycated hemoglobin(HA1c), 0.40 %, was observed after 3–4 months of periodontal therapy done on patients with both type 1 and 2 DM and periodontitis [14].

Can gum disease lead to diabetes?

How Does Gum Disease Increase the Risk of Diabetes? Gum disease may raise your blood sugar levels and may increase your risk of contracting diabetes. And if you already have diabetes, the increase in glucose that comes with gum disease could make your condition harder to control.

What factors influence the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases?

Diabetes and smoking are the biggest risk factors for periodontal disease, increasing the occurrence, severity, and speed of onset and progression.

Can periodontitis be reversed?

Periodontal disease can be reversed when detected and treated early on. It is one of the dental issues most people are likely to develop, and about half of adults in the U.S. over the age of 30 have some form of it, according to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention.

Can periodontitis be in one tooth?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a bacterial infection involving the gums and sometimes the bone that surrounds a tooth. Gum diseases can affect one tooth or many teeth, and they range from gum irritation (gingivitis) to severe infection (periodontitis).

Why is my mouth so dry even after drinking water?

A dry mouth can occur when the salivary glands in your mouth don’t produce enough saliva. This is often the result of dehydration, which means you don’t have enough fluid in your body to produce the saliva you need. It’s also common for your mouth to become dry if you’re feeling anxious or nervous.

Why is my throat so dry even after drinking water?

The throat can dry out from exercise, sleeping with your mouth open, breathing through your mouth, living in a dry environment, or not drinking enough fluids. Dry throat can be caused by tobacco or marijuana use, excessive coughing, allergies, medication side effect, and, in rare cases, throat and esophagus cancers.

Does weight loss help bad breath?

While weight loss itself may not necessarily cause bad breath, it can lead to a change in your breath’s odor. As you lose weight and your body breaks down the stored fat, by-products called ketones form. These ketones are partially exhaled and can cause what’s known as ketotic breath.

What is obesity What are its causes and risk factors?

Obesity is a complex condition that’s influenced by work habits, commute patterns, and technology. At the simplest level, obesity is caused by consuming more calories than you burn. Obesity, however, is a complex condition caused by more than simply eating too much and moving too little.

What factors can influence obesity?

• Food and Activity. People gain weight when they eat more calories than they burn through activity. …
• Environment. The world around us influences our ability to maintain a healthy weight. …
• Genetics. …
• Health Conditions and Medications. …
• Stress, Emotional Factors, and Poor Sleep.

What is obesity What are its causes and risk factors Class 12?

Although there are genetic, behavioural, metabolic, and hormonal influences on weight, obesity occurs once you absorb more calories than you burn through exercise and normal daily activities. Your body stores these excess calories as fat.

What are 3 main causes of obesity?

• Physical inactivity. …
• Overeating. …
• Genetics. …
• A diet high in simple carbohydrates. …
• Frequency of eating. …
• Medications. …
• Psychological factors. …
• Diseases such as hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, and Cushing’s syndrome are also contributors to obesity.