Class I – Sodium-channel blockers.Class II – Beta-blockers.Class III – Potassium-channel blockers.Class IV – Calcium-channel blockers.Miscellaneous – adenosine. – electrolyte supplement (magnesium and potassium salts) – digitalis compounds (cardiac glycosides)

How many classes of anti arrhythmic drugs are there?

Most antiarrhythmic drugs are grouped into 4 main classes (Vaughan Williams classification) based on their dominant cellular electrophysiologic effect (see table Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Vaughan Williams Classification) Treatment is directed at causes.

What are Class 5 antiarrhythmics?

Class 5 antiarrhythmic drugs are a miscellaneous group of medications that do not belong to a traditional class of antiarrhythmics. These drugs have varied mechanisms of action and uses. The medications in this class are digoxin, adenosine, Mg sulfate, and atropine.

What are the classes of antiarrhythmic drugs give examples?

Classes of antiarrhythmic drugsClassExamplesClass IB antiarrhythmicsLidocaine Mexiletine PhenytoinClass IC antiarrhythmicsFlecainide PropafenoneClass II antiarrhythmic drugsMetoprolol Esmolol (short acting) Propranolol Atenolol Timolol Carvedilol Sotalol

What are Class 1A antiarrhythmics?

Class 1a antiarrhythmics inhibit the Na+ channels and the K+ channels on atrial and ventricular myocytes and cells of the purkinje fibers. When Na+ channels are blocked, it decreases the amount of sodium entering the cell so this causes a slower depolarization, which means a decrease in the slope during phase 0.

What is a Class III drug?

Schedule III Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.

What is a Class III antiarrhythmic?

Class 3 antiarrhythmics are drugs that block cardiac tissue K channels. The medications in this class include amiodarone, dronedarone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide, and bretylium. The main mechanism of action includes blocking the cardiac K channels to prolong repolarization.

What class is amiodarone?

Amiodarone is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmics. It works by relaxing overactive heart muscles.

Is amlodipine an antiarrhythmic?

Dihydropyridines, like amlodipine, nicardipine, and nifedipine, are highly selective for calcium channels on the vascular smooth muscle tissue; so they’re primarily used to treat hypertension. On the other hand, non-dihydropyridines are the class IV antiarrhythmics and they include verapamil and diltiazem.

What class antiarrhythmic is amiodarone?

Although amiodarone is considered a class III anti-arrhythmic agent, it also has class I, II, IV actions, making it a unique and effective anti-arrhythmic agent.

Article first time published on

Which antiarrhythmic drug has both Class 2 and 3 activity?

The clinical use of sotalol has been limited by both its antiarrhythmic efficacy (a common issue for most antiarrhythmics), and its Class III-related associated side effect of Torsade de pointes (1.5-2% incidence).

Which of following Antiarrythmatic drug is Class 1b agent?

Ib -Lidocaine, phenytoin, mexiletine (depress phase 0 selectively in abnormal/ischemic tissue, shorten repolarization)

What is the main difference between Class 1A and Class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs?

Class Ic drugs are more potent antiarrhythmics than either class Ia or class Ib drugs. Class Ic drugs do not block potassium channels directly. Class Ic drugs may organize and slow atrial tachyarrhythmias enough to permit 1:1 AV conduction with marked acceleration of the ventricular response rate.

What is a Class 1A drug?

A class 1A antiarrhythmic agent used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Quinidine. A medication used to restore normal sinus rhythm, treat atrial fibrillation and flutter, and treat ventricular arrhythmias. Procainamide. A medication used to treat life threatening ventricular arrhythmias.

Is lidocaine a Class 1A antiarrhythmic?

Quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, lidocaine, mexiletine, flecainide, and propafenone are all class I antiarrhythmic drugs (table 1) used for the treatment of various atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

What is a Class 1C drug?

Class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) are effective first‐line agents for atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment. However, these agents commonly are avoided in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD), due to known increased risk in the postmyocardial infarction population.

What class antiarrhythmic is sotalol?

Sotalol, a methanesulfonanilide, is a class III antiarrhythmic drug (table 1) that is used for the treatment of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Sotalol was originally approved by the FDA (tradename Betapace) for the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.

What class of drug is dofetilide?

Dofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent (table 1) available for the acute termination of atrial fibrillation or flutter, as well as prevention of atrial fibrillation or flutter recurrence. Dofetilide has also been used in an off-label manner to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias.

What are the 4 types of drugs?

• stimulants (e.g. cocaine)
• depressants (e.g. alcohol)
• opium-related painkillers (e.g. heroin)
• hallucinogens (e.g. LSD)

What are Schedule 3 and 4 drugs?

Schedule 3: Tylenol with codeine, ketamine, anabolic steroids, and testosterone. Schedule 4: Xanax, Soma, Darvocet, Valium, and Ambien. Schedule 5: Robitussin AC, Lomotil, Motofen, Lyrica, and Parepectolin.

What are the 6 classification of drugs?

When considering only their chemical makeup, there are six main classifications of drugs: alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, barbiturates, and hallucinogens. Out of all the thousands of drugs that are out there, both prescription and illegal, each one can be categorized under one of these six headings.

Which of the following is a Class 4 antiarrhythmic drug?

ClassKnown asExamplesIIIPotassium Channel BlockersAmiodarone Sotalol Ibutilide Dofetilide Dronedarone E-4031 VernakalantIVCalcium Channel BlockersVerapamil DiltiazemVAdenosine Digoxin Magnesium sulfate

Is amlodipine a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker?

Dihydropyridines — The dihydropyridines, including nifedipine, isradipine, felodipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, lacidipine, amlodipine, and levamlodipine are potent vasodilators that have little or no negative effect clinically upon cardiac contractility or conduction.

Is carvedilol an antiarrhythmic?

Carvedilol is a beta- and alpha-adrenergic-blocking drug with clinically important antiarrhythmic properties.

What class of drug is diltiazem?

Diltiazem is in a class of medications called calcium-channel blockers. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not have to pump as hard. It also increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.

Is amiodarone a broad spectrum antiarrhythmic?

Amiodarone is considered a “broad spectrum” antiarrhythmic medication, that is, it has multiple and complex effects on the electrical activity of the heart which is responsible for the heart’s rhythm.

What class of antiarrhythmic is lidocaine?

Lidocaine is an IV class IB antiarrhythmic that increases the electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle, suppressing the automaticity of conduction through the tissue. Although lidocaine may terminate VT successfully, it may increase the overall mortality in peri-infarction VT.

Is amiodarone an AV nodal blocker?

Cardiac toxicity. Amiodarone by blocking the calcium channel activity can cause sinus bradycardia and AV nodal block in 5% of patients. Hypotension may occur when concentrated Amiodarone hydrochloride injection is given by the intravenous route.

What is the best antiarrhythmic drug?

Amiodarone is considered the most potent antiarrhythmic agent. The adverse event profile with amiodarone can be intolerable, with gastrointestinal effects the most common side effect.

What kind of blocker is amiodarone?

Amiodarone belongs to class III of antiarrhythmic medications, which are also known as potassium channel blockers. Amiodarone can be taken orally or through injection to prevent or treat medical emergencies such as cardiac arrest and arrhythmias.

What do Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs do?

Sodium-channel blockers comprise the Class I antiarrhythmic compounds according to the Vaughan-Williams classification scheme. These drugs bind to and block the fast sodium channels that are responsible for the rapid depolarization (phase 0) of fast-response cardiac action potentials.